Print Techniques

Curves

Duotone

Black and White

Repetition

Selective Colour

Soft Focus

Tone Straight Images

Tone Definition Page

Definition
Dictionary : Tone - verb

1.                1. Give greater strength or firmness to (the body or a part of it).

   "exercise tones up the muscles"

   • 
     
2.                2. Harmonize with (something) in terms of color.

    "the rich orange color of the wood tones beautifully                 with the yellow roses"
3. 
   

Adjectives & Synonyms for "Tone"

• Accent
• Resonance
• Strength
• Timbre
• Emphasis
• Force
• Intonation
• Modulation
• Inflection
• Stress
• Tonality

Annotated Photographs

This photograph uses tone in an intense edited fashion to create an extra stormy feel in the image, The tone is used to emphasize the storm clouds and blackness surrounding the grass.

This photograph is in sepia due to the many different brown shades in this image. The black of the back tree line and lightness of the top tree line is a basic demonstration of the word tone.

I chose this photograph because it has a lot of examples of tone, for example the black tone against the white background.

I chose this photograph due to the way the tone is shown on one side of the lion in the dark area and the other side of the lion on the light side.

My own definition: Tone - various shades of light and dark colour within a photograph 

Tone Work Diary

Evaluation
My photography session on 'Tone' was a particular favorite of mine due to the fact that wherever there is colours and shadows you can find tone. In this photography session I used a sepia filter, a black and white filter and a blue filter to create different types of tones which show different scenes off in different ways. When taking my tone pictures I had to be on the look out for light colours and dark colours which would add tone to my photographs no matter what filter they were shot in. I enjoyed the topic of tone because it is not really about a specific thing but more about the type of light that you capture your photographs in. Some photographs I really liked from this session:

I really love this photograph due to the fact the flash on the camera emphasises the spider and the lines on the spider. I really love the light tones that have appeared on the leaves and the outlines of the leaves.

I love this photo because I love the way the blue filter creates a toned blue shade effect. The darker blues are in darker tones and the lighter blues are in lighter tones. 

Progression:
If I could progress with tone as a topic I would try to include as much of the formal element of form as I could due to the fact I think these two formal elements go really well together. If I had one example of a project idea that involves tone that I want to take further it would be to use the aforementioned idea of form too and do a study on people and the tones you find within photographs of people.

Tone Image Bank

This photograph shows tone in multiple ways for example the use of black and white helps to emphasize tone by using many different shades of black, white and grey to show shadows and light.

This photograph really shows tone because of the bright white background in a really light tone whereas the dark bricks stand out charcoal black against the cement. This is an example of a wide range of tones in one picture.

This photo is another example of tone except this one is in sepia. Sepia brings out the yellow and brown tones within images, these tones are shown with darker shades of brown to show the darker colours in the picture and the lighter shades to show the lighter colours.

This photograph is full of extremely light tones which at point merge into each other however once you get to the corners of the photograph the tones get much much darker. This use of tone is extremely effective due to the way the dark tones draw into the middle with the light tones and the depth of the bridge.

The tones here are used to offset the white fence against the dark black wood house, every tone in this image is different, the picture includes a variant of tones to add emphasis to the use of the many shades used.

This photograph is very interesting due to the way the further away the mountains get and the more sunlight they get they appear to be lighter this shows a graduated natural tone due to the fact this photo would have similar tone patterns if it was in colour.

Reflection Straight Images

Reflection Definition Page

Definition
Dicitonary: Reflection -
                    noun
                               1. the throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without                                               absorbing it.

1.                              "the reflection of light"

Adjectives & Synonyms for 'Reflection':

• sending back
• throwing back
• casting back
• mediation
• rumination
• deliberation
• cogitation
• study
• thinking
• imputation
• aspersion
• reproach
• criticism

Annotated Pictures:

This reflection is accompanied by the formal element of tone, these work together to create an extremely stormy scene.

I chose this photograph because I love the way the skys colours reflect onto the pavement and create a double effect.

I chose this image as I think it is a perfect representation of reflection but in an odd way as you can't see what some of the image is reflective.

I chose this image as I think its fascinating the way you can't see the original scene and you can only see the reflection.

My own: Reflection - the direct flipped copy of something else.

Reflection Work Diary

Evaluation:

My photography session on the topic 'reflection' was very interesting as I had to try and find reflections in obscure places so my whole collection wasn't just reflections in windows, I was very interested in the reflection of objects not just reflective surfaces. A particular reflection I liked to use was the reflection of people, I took photographs of myself and others as the reflective surface doubled our images. Reflection unlike a lot of the other formal elements is not vague, in fact it is so specific its almost too specific because nobody can fake a reflection therefore it made it difficult for the opposite reason because it was hard to find reflections.

I liked this photograph due to the way it shows landscape reflection in the huge mirrored windows, the reflection is so perfect if you weren't concentrating you might try and walk on the other side.

I like this photograph because there's almost a fishbowl effect where my camera lens is so close to the reflective surface, the water marks give it an interesting effect.

Progression:

If I had the opportunity to progress with this  topic I definitely would but I would look more at reflections within glass and liquid, I would explore the look of these different surfaces as I feel I focused mainly on the cliche of mirrored reflection in this session. I definitely like the idea of studying this topic more in depth due to the fact that no two reflection images will ever be the same due to the fact that with every change in light there will be a change in reflection. 

Reflection Image Bank

This photograph shows a reflection of the two hands above the water, the way the image in the lake below is an exact copy of the image above shows that this is a reflection.

This is another example of a mirror reflection due to the way it is an entire flipped copy of the scene above it, reflective surfaces similar to mirrors, namely water always give a good reflection.

This is a different sort of reflection due to the double reflective surface (the water and the glass) therefore the reflection is kind of flipped but not at the same time, I like this picture because it shows an interesting version of reflection.

This reflection is also kind of different due to the fact the reflective surface is white therefore it gives an odd faded reflection that is both as clear as glass reflections but also not.

This reflection is odd because the viewer cant actually see what the reflection is reflected from we can just see the reflection instead of the original scene, reflection has a glint due to the original black colour of the guitar.

This reflection is a computerized reflection made on the internet, this is not a real reflection this has been made using editing apps.

Alex Prager

Alex Prager is an American art photographer and film maker who lives and works in Los Angeles. Her photographs primarily use staged sets and models to create not only "film-like" images that are reminiscent of the history of Hollywood and the old school 'good life' but also the cinematic image in art contexts. The subjects of her works, exaggerated and costumed sometimes "hyper-real" speak to the ambiguity of seduction and spectacle.

I chose to study Alex Preger due to the way her photographs and collections tell a story by the use of exaggerated artistic looks. The looks that she creates on her subjects are not dissimilar to the pop art movement with their bold coloured clothing, makeup and hair. I love the sets she creates, she is a complete contrast from another photographer that I have studied; Garry Winogrand who photographs the natural behavior of humans. Alex Prager is completely different to him the way that she orchestrates all her shoots and photographs, everything is carefully planned including what the photograph will depict. I find Alex Prager's work appealing due to the pretense the viewer falls under, the sheer performance of the pieces enthralls me. I love the way her work is almost like staged street photography, many of the subjects tend not to look directly down the camera lens similar to most real street photography.

I think these photographs are brilliant art forms and very reminiscent of the pop art era created by artists. The formal elements used in Alex Prager's photograph is colour, form and movement. Colour is used to emphasize other areas of the photograph for example the subjects wear bright colours and have bright hair. Form is used to emphasize the human forms and curves and angles of the women. Movement is used to show how this is a form of street photograph because the subjects seem almost unaware of the camera.  I like the way the setting looks as if someone has stumbled upon it and photographed it quickly. (Photograph from: "The Big Valley".)

I think photographs like this emphasize the way some of the social activities like smoking, were what made you popular in the days when these photographs were set. The formal elements used here are colour and form. Colour is used to once again emphasize the personality of the subjects. Form is used here to emphasize once again the 3D-ness of the human form. I like this photograph because I think it shows the honesty and brutality of the freedom young women were given at this time.
(Photograph from: "Week End".)

Again this photograph emphasizes a social activity that at this time was promoted by anyone who could afford it-even doctors. I think Prager uses tone to show the darkness around the subjects and then uses colour to make the subjects stand out from the aforementioned tone. Movement is also used due to the fact that this is a captured movement in time and if this was filmed this would be one frame of multiple. I like this photograph due to the way it looks like it has been taken quickly and almost as if it has been taken secretly without the knowledge of the subjects even though it is obviously a set up exhibition. (Photograph from: "Week End".)

This photograph shows the carefree nature of the set up although the set is clearly artificial and the audience know that due to the sky and bridge. Prager uses the formal elements of movement, colour, tone and form here. Movement is used because the subject is clearly in motion, colour is used due to the bright contrasting colours splattered on this image, tone is used due to the different light and dark tones on the subject and form is used due to the human being form. I like this photograph due to the contrasting colours but also how the photograph is as much about its setting as it is about the subject. (Photograph from: "Week End".)

How I was Influenced...

Alex Prager has increased my interest in staged sets hugely, I really enjoy the aesthetics of these photographs as I think the stunning use of colour adds to the dramatics and cinematics of each of the images. I like these pictures because I adore the style of old school Hollywood and pop art but when it is emphasized by cinematic magic it brings the images and their subjects together. Alex Prager has influenced me to try doing a Hollywood cinema film style shoot using a lot of colour, form, movement and tone with an element of staged street photography. I wish to use a number of Alex Prager's techniques including her elaborate set use and her camera angles and the concept of staged street photography where she has staged images which she has then made natural by asking her subjects to act caught off guard and avoid looking directlyinto the camera lens. After studying Alex Prager I feel connected to her film making and art photography. In this photograph next to the text I tried to use some of the things I've previously said I liked for example I used dramatic makeup in this image which is reminiscent of her style, also the block colouring in the photograph contradicts the usual pastel look my photos carry. 
I believe her photographs tell stories and fascinating ones at that, the candid shots show us the excitement of the Hollywood life back in the day and help the audience and critics discover further into the story lines she creates within her images. In my opinion Alex Prager is one of the best new art photographers of the  21st century.

Garry Winogrand

Garry Winogrand was an American street photographer known for his portrayal of the United States of America in the 20th century. Winogrand has been cited as the 'Central photographer of his generation. Many of his photographs depict the social issues of his time and in the role of media in shaping attitudes. Winogrand's photographs of the Bronx Zoo and the Coney Island Aquarium made up his first book The Animals in 1969. 

I have chosen to study Garry Winogrand as I am extremely interested in street photographers and taking pictures of people and the way they act, their mannerisms and their natural behavior. I find Winogrand's work appealing because in around 80% of his photographs his subjects are never looking at the camera or anywhere near the camera lens. Another reason I adore Garry Winogrand's work is due to the fact that he focuses on the social issues of his time, his books primarily Public Relations of 1977 show the antics of the political world from the view of the american streets in the 70's, the book includes images of protesters being beaten by cops, museum parties and press conferences.  I love the way that street photography, although completely unassuming can speak a thousand words, the brutality of the image can never be hidden whether its bad or good. 

This photograph is composed in a way which makes the women look like they are on natural run way. The natural light shafts act as leading lines so the eye of the viewer is drawn to the women. Formal elements used here would be tone, form, movement and depth. These are used to define the women walking towards the camera. I love this photo as I love the way the depth of the background makes the women look as if they have been on a mission. (Photograph from: 'Women are Beautiful'.)

This photograph is 100% natural and the spash of water and reactions of other people in the photograph aside from the main subjects adds to natural air this photo carries. Formal elements used here would be again tone, movement and form and possible texture. Form due to the shadows in the image and tone due to lighter and darker tones given by the monochrome camera. Texture is shown by the ripples of waves, creases of skin and wet fabric of swimming costumes. I adore the way this photo was taken with its subjects completely off guard and think this image as a whole is reminiscent of classic street photography. (Photograph from: 'The Animals'.)

This photo of the late JFK is another classic example of the brilliance of street photography. I love this photograph due to the fact it is not posed or formal in the way shots including a president would usually be instead nobody is looking in the right direction and the subjects are still hysterical at the fact they've just met the president. Formal elements used here would again be Tone due to immense light and dark tones used to express the difference between the people there. Another formal element used would be movement due to the way the woman is captured mid laugh and the viewer can see this photograph is not posed. (Photograph from: 'Public Relations'.)

This photograph is an excellent representation of the way Gerry Winogrand took photos due to the fact that it is not the people in the photograph which mattered to him but the actions in which they were partaking, this is shown by the fact that nobody can tell who any of the subjects are in this case. I love this photograph because it represents the anonymity of the millions of people who pass through life. Formal elements used in this photograph are tone and depth. Depth is used to create a distance between the viewers and the subjects. Tone is used to add to the distance created by the depth of the corridor in the photograph for example the black tones of the photo corners make the subjects seem up to three times further away. (Photograph from: 'Arrivals & Departures'.)

How I was Influenced…

Gerry Winogrand has given me a boost of interest and adoration for street photography, I have learnt that having the perfect pose or setting may not be the right attitude and to instead focus on the natural beauty and behavior of human beings when they are oblivious to the camera lens pointed in the direction. I have also learnt that while street photography is extremely spur of the moment the correct composure is also important, remember the angles your capturing; an unflattering photo is more than pointless and never pleasing to the eye of the viewers. Something I wish to take from Garry Winogrand which he has influenced me to use would be to shoot in monochrome, I adore the tone which the black and white photographs had regardless of whether this was the only option I think monochrome photographs are beautiful and capture human nature in stunning definition. I wish to maybe do a shoot in the style of Garry Winogrand, a shoot full of completely natural shots where none of the subjects are looking directly down the camera lens, I may focus on a busy tourist destination for my own shoot. After studying Garry Winogrand I feel connected to him through his art. Since studying Garry Winogrand I have taken this photograph  (next to text) which is a live action shot of a girl laughing, this is my interpretation of street photography which is why I chose to study him in the first place, I chose to black and white the photograph despite the fact I have the option of colour which Winogrand didn't.
 I believe his photographs tell the story of the society of 1960's-70's America in a time of what is seen as great difficulty for the country. I hold Winogrand in extremely high regard due to the care he took within his photographic career, I think he is one of the greatest photographers of the 20th century.

Research Log

1. Garry Winogrand

www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/garry-winogrand

Gerry Winogrand was a street photographer in the 1960's and 1970's, he photographed every day urban life, many critics have cited his work as complex, humorous and often profound. This photograph uses the formal element of depth to show the circumstances of life at this time. Depth is shown by photographing down this city street. Tone is also used, the light and dark areas show tone from the black of the road to the white of the pavement in the sunlight. This photograph is very raw and through research I have discovered that this is because Winogrand disliked editing and printing and much preferred the actual photography. 

2. Edward Weston

www.edward-weston.com

Edward Weston, commonly known as one of the most influential photographers of the twentieth century. Weston enjoyed taking photographs of landscape, nudes and still-life objects. In this photograph tone is used again to show the darker areas of the photo, the white of the subjects skin against the black background makes the hand and the cigarette stand out, for example the cigarette is in even lighter tone than the hand which shows the white of the filter. Form is also used in this piece of imagery due to the shadowing on one side of the hand and down the sleeve of the subject.

3. Mario Testino

www.mariotestino.com

Mario Testino is one of the most famous photographers in the world over the last ten years, Testino is particularly celebrated due to his glamorous and flattering fashion photography of women and his advertising campaigns for fashion houses. Mario Testino uses the formal element of colour to show the wild side of the fashion industry, the colour is used to add excitement to his images and bring them to life, for example this photograph is mesmerizing but would it still have the same effect on the audience if it was in monochrome?

4. Annie Leibovitz

www.biography.com/people/annie-leibovitz-9542372

Annie Leibovitz who is considered one of the best portrait photographers of her time, developed her trademark use of bold colours throughout her time at the magazine Rolling Stone. I love her work and think it ties in brilliantly with the formal elements of texture due to the way the careful editing of this photograph and intriguing use of colour shows the texture of the subjects skin. This photograph also uses examples of colour due to the powdered face of the subject and also Tone due to the lighting used to cast shadows on the subject.

5. Lyndon Wade

http://thewadebrothers.com/

Lyndon Wade is most well known for creating vibrant compositions which often depict subjects in a kind of suspended animation. The use of halted movement - a formal element - suggests a larger narrative in the space of a single incident. Another formal element which   is very prominent in Lyndon Wades work would be depth, in a lot of his photography he focuses the camera on one room and makes sure to include the whole room which creates depth within the image.

6. Lee Towndrow

http://leetowndrow.com/

Lee Towndrow, a man who had many jobs and aspirations found photography after a long time. Lee Towndrow uses the formal element of colour, he uses multiple vibrant colours to draw the attention of the audience, in this case he has put the vibrant colour infront of a black background which makes the colour stand out more.

7. Ansel Adams

http://www.anseladams.com/

In this photograph Ansel Adams, one of the best photographers in history used the formal element of depth in this photograph to elongate the photo and make the audience see the road as if they're are travelling or walking along it for miles on end. The formal element of tone is also used in this photograph to show the nature of the weather, the dark and light tones help to show the dark clouds, wet mud and shiny water on the long road.

8. Francois Xavier Marciat

http://expo.f6creations.com/

In this photograph similar to Ansel Adams, Francois Xavier Marciet uses the formal elements of depth and tone. FXM uses depth to elongate the photo and draw the gaze of the audience down the small pier. Then, Tone is used to add emphasis to the amount of natural sunlight behind the pier which then adds darker tone to the wood due to the shadows cast on this side because of the light on the other side, therefore due to the shadowy nature this means the formal element of form is also used here. 

9. Nicholas Samaras

http://www.underwater-photography.gr/#/photo-sets/

Nicholas Samaras uses the formal element of colour to strike the view of the audience with the red, this draws their eyes to the image, the white of the womans skin and her dark hair with the red clothing are also examples of the formal element tone.

10. Alex Prager 

http://www.alexprager.com/

Alex Prager is a surrealist photographer. Prager uses colour to emphasize the photograph for example she is known to use extremely vibrant shades. In co-operation with colour she uses tone which means she has many different shades of one colour or a variation of colours and tones in her photographs. Prager is also a fan of movement and has been known to shoot a serious of shots following women through movement such as a walk up a busy street.

11. Alessandro Rocchi

http://www.altamente.it/

Alessandro Rocchi has the use of multiple formal elements in this photograph and the others in the set which are similar to this. He uses colour to emphasize the eyes of the subject and the brightness of her lips. Texture is also a formal element that is used due to the close focus of the camera on the face we can see every line in the subjects face. 

12. Robert Doisneau

http://www.robert-doisneau.com/fr/portfolio/

Robert Doisneau - an old school street photographer who was the leading man for street photographers of the modern day. Doisneau used movement and tone for his formal elements of choice. The movement formal element is shown by the woman leaning into the man to talk to him, this is clearly an action shot. The black and white tones show slightly less tone although its still there due to how the tones go from light to dark throughout the photograph.

13. David Bailey

http://www.davidbaileyphotography.com/

David Bailey always worked closely with fellow photographer Brian Duffy to shoot multiple legends for fashion photography and media shots. In this shot of Twiggy, David Bailey has used the formal element of Form to the extreme, he has done this to create immense drifting shadows on the sides of Twiggy's face and in the hollows of her eyes. Then the formal element of Tone has been used to highlight the extreme lightness of certain areas of her face against the daring black shadows created by the light.

14. Eve Arnold

http://www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3&VF=MAGO31_10_VForm&ERID=24KL53ZGM6

Eve Arnold famous for many many shots of Marilyn Monroe which were not dissimilar to the one above was an american photojournalist. Eve was well known for the way her use of tone and form added texture to her photographs. This one of Marilyn exhibits an excellent use of form due to the way the shadows cast over Marilyn's face fall in the exact right places to show the angles of her face. Somehow Eve Arnold created almost an aura of light around Marilyn in this shoot.

15. Ana Delaney

http://uk.complex.com/style/2012/05/gritty-street-photography-by-anna-delany

Ana Delaney is another street photographer who uses the black and white monochrome style to add the formal elements of tone and form again. Again the tone is used to show the light and dark areas by putting lighter and darker shades in. Form is used to give every area of the photograph a 3D look. 

16. James Ellis

http://mrelllis.tumblr.com/

James Ellis - a street photographer who takes shots of modern people and street life. James Ellis uses colour to emphasize certain ares of the photograph, I believe texture is also another formal element that is used in this example of photograph due to the models hair. James Ellis has been known to use colour in his other works to emphasize modern street life and they way we live in the twenty first century.

17. Diane Arbus

http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/d/diane-arbus/

Diane Arbus was a controversial photographer from the 20th century who was known for her photographs of disabled people, transvestites and other "marginal people". She photographs in black and white so again the formal elements of tone and form are major and very beneficial for this photographer. Form is used to show the 3D forms of the humans and Tone is used to show the lighter and darker areas.

18. Walker Evans

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/evan/hd_evan.htm

Walker Evans was a street photographer in era of the Great Depression in the United States. He used the formal element of tone and also form to show the bleak times that millions of citizens suffered during that harsh period in american history. Tone is used to create a dark surrounding and claim on every source of light in the setting and Form is used to show the hollows of the malnourished family during the Depression.

19. Brian Duffy

http://www.duffyphotographer.com/

Brian Duffy - a portrait photographer who worked closely with David Bailey was responsible for many photos of famous stars including this shot of John Lennon, In this portrait the formal element of tone is used to to show the light and dark areas of the photograph, the formal element of form is also used to create a shadow on the subjects face in order to show the 3D element.

20. Bill Brandt

http://www.billbrandt.com/

In this image Bill Brandt uses the formal element of depth to create leading lines throughout the photograph which leads the eye line down the plank to the lighthouse. The formal element of form is also used as the photographer has made sure the natural light is on one side of the bridge in order to cast a shadow on one side. A final formal element used is tone, tone is used to show the lighter and darker areas of the photograph, the light tones are on parts of the photograph covered in light and the darker tones are on the dark shadowed parts of the photograph.